Ò»¡¢¸ÅÄîÊý¾ÝÄ£Ð͸ÅÊö
Êý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍÊÇÏÖʵÊÀ½çÖÐÊý¾ÝÌØÕ÷µÄ³éÏó¡£Êý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍÓ¦¸ÃÂú×ãÈý¸ö·½ÃæµÄÒªÇó£º
1£©Äܹ»±È½ÏÕæÊµµØÄ£ÄâÏÖʵÊÀ½ç
2£©ÈÝÒ×ΪÈËËùÀí½â
3£©±ãÓÚ¼ÆËã»úʵÏÖ
¸ÅÄîÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍÒ²³ÆÐÅϢģÐÍ£¬ËüÒÔʵÌå£ÁªÏµ(Entity-RelationShip,¼ò³ÆE-R)ÀíÂÛΪ»ù´¡£¬²¢¶ÔÕâÒ»ÀíÂÛ½øÐÐÁËÀ©³ä¡£Ëü´ÓÓû§µÄ¹Ûµã³ö·¢¶ÔÐÅÏ¢½øÐн¨Ä££¬Ö÷ÒªÓÃÓÚÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ¸ÅÄî¼¶Éè¼Æ¡£
ͨ³£ÈËÃÇÏȽ«ÏÖʵÊÀ½ç³éÏóΪ¸ÅÄîÊÀ½ç£¬È»ºóÔÙ½«¸ÅÄîÊÀ½çתΪ»úÆ÷ÊÀ½ç¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬¾ÍÊÇÏȽ«ÏÖʵÊÀ½çÖеĿ͹۶ÔÏó³éÏóΪʵÌå(Entity)ºÍÁªÏµ
(Relationship),Ëü²¢²»ÒÀÀµÓÚ¾ßÌåµÄ¼ÆËã»úϵͳ»òij¸öDBMSϵͳ£¬ÕâÖÖÄ£Ð;ÍÊÇÎÒÃÇËù˵µÄCDM;È»ºóÔÙ½«CDMת»»Îª¼ÆËã»úÉÏij¸ö
DBMSËùÖ§³ÖµÄÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍ£¬ÕâÑùµÄÄ£Ð;ÍÊÇÎïÀíÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍ,¼´PDM¡£
CDMÊÇÒ»×éÑϸñ¶¨ÒåµÄÄ£ÐÍÔªËØµÄ¼¯ºÏ£¬ÕâЩģÐÍÔªËØ¾«È·µØÃèÊöÁËϵͳµÄ¾²Ì¬ÌØÐÔ¡¢¶¯Ì¬ÌØÐÔÒÔ¼°ÍêÕûÐÔÔ¼ÊøÌõ¼þµÈ£¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨ÁËÊý¾Ý½á¹¹¡¢Êý¾Ý²Ù×÷ºÍÍêÕûÐÔÔ¼ÊøÈý²¿·Ö¡£
1£©Êý¾Ý½á¹¹±í´ïΪʵÌåºÍÊôÐÔ;
2£©Êý¾Ý²Ù×÷±í´ïΪʵÌåÖеļǼµÄ²åÈ롢ɾ³ý¡¢Ð޸ġ¢²éѯµÈ²Ù×÷;
3£©ÍêÕûÐÔÔ¼Êø±í´ïΪÊý¾ÝµÄ×ÔÉíÍêÕûÐÔÔ¼Êø£¨ÈçÊý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡¢¼ì²é¡¢¹æÔòµÈ£©ºÍÊý¾Ý¼äµÄ²ÎÕÕÍêÕûÐÔÔ¼Êø£¨ÈçÁªÏµ¡¢¼Ì³ÐÁªÏµµÈ£©;
¶þ¡¢ÊµÌå¡¢ÊôÐÔ¼°±êʶ·ûµÄ¶¨Òå
ʵÌ壨Entity£©£¬Ò²³ÆÎªÊµÀý£¬¶ÔÓ¦ÏÖʵÊÀ½çÖпÉÇø±ðÓÚÆäËû¶ÔÏóµÄ¡°Ê¼þ¡±»ò¡°ÊÂÎ¡£ÀýÈ磬ѧУÖеÄÿ¸öѧÉú£¬Ò½ÔºÖеÄÿ¸öÊÖÊõ¡£
ÿ¸öʵÌå¶¼ÓÐÓÃÀ´ÃèÊöʵÌåÌØÕ÷µÄÒ»×éÐÔÖÊ£¬³ÆÖ®ÎªÊôÐÔ£¬Ò»¸öʵÌåÓÉÈô¸É¸öÊôÐÔÀ´ÃèÊö¡£ÈçѧÉúʵÌå¿ÉÓÉѧºÅ¡¢ÐÕÃû¡¢ÐԱ𡢳öÉúÄêÔ¡¢ËùÔÚϵ±ð¡¢ÈëѧÄê·ÝµÈÊôÐÔ×é³É¡£
ʵÌ弯£¨Entity Set£©ÊǾßÌåÏàͬÀàÐͼ°ÏàͬÐÔÖÊʵÌåµÄ¼¯ºÏ¡£ÀýÈçѧУËùÓÐѧÉúµÄ¼¯ºÏ¿É¶¨ÒåΪ¡°Ñ§Éú¡±ÊµÌ弯£¬¡°Ñ§Éú¡±ÊµÌ弯ÖеÄÿ¸öʵÌå¾ù¾ßÓÐѧºÅ¡¢ÐÕÃû¡¢ÐԱ𡢳öÉúÄêÔ¡¢ËùÔÚϵ±ð¡¢ÈëѧÄê·ÝµÈÐÔÖÊ¡£
ʵÌåÀàÐÍ£¨Entity Type£©ÊÇʵÌ弯ÖÐÿ¸öʵÌåËù¾ßÓеĹ²Í¬ÐÔÖʵļ¯ºÏ£¬ÀýÈç¡°»¼Õß¡±ÊµÌåÀàÐÍΪ£º»¼ÕߣûÃÅÕïºÅ£¬ÐÕÃû£¬ÐÔ±ð£¬ÄêÁ䣬Éí·ÝÖ¤ºÅ.............£ý¡£ÊµÌåÊÇʵÌåÀàÐ͵ÄÒ»¸öʵÀý£¬ÔÚº¬ÒåÃ÷È·µÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ÊµÌ塢ʵÌåÀàÐÍͨ³£»¥»»Ê¹Óá£
ʵÌåÀàÐÍÖеÄÿ¸öʵÌå°üº¬Î¨Ò»±êʶËüµÄÒ»¸ö»òÒ»×éÊôÐÔ£¬ÕâЩÊôÐÔ³ÆÎªÊµÌåÀàÐ͵ıêʶ·û£¨Identifier£©£¬È硰ѧºÅ¡±ÊÇѧÉúʵÌåÀàÐ͵ıêʶ·û£¬¡°ÐÕÃû¡±¡¢¡°³öÉúÈÕÆÚ¡±¡¢¡°ÐÅÖ·¡±¹²Í¬×é³É¡°¹«Ãñ¡±ÊµÌåÀàÐ͵ıêʶ·û¡£
ÓÐЩʵÌåÀàÐÍ¿ÉÒÔÓм¸×éÊôÐԳ䵱±êʶ·û£¬Ñ¡¶¨ÆäÖÐÒ»×éÊôÐÔ×÷ΪʵÌåÀàÐ͵ÄÖ÷±êʶ·û£¬ÆäËûµÄ×÷Ϊ´Î±êʶ·û¡£
Èý¡¢ÊµÌå¡¢ÊôÐÔ¼°±êʶ·ûµÄ±í´ï

½éÉÜPowerDesigner¸ÅÄîÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍÒÔ¼°ÊµÌå¡¢ÊôÐÔ´´½¨¡£
Ò»¡¢Ð½¨¸ÅÄîÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍ
1£©Ñ¡ÔñFile-->New,µ¯³öÈçͼËùʾ¶Ô»°¿ò£¬Ñ¡ÔñCDMÄ£ÐÍ£¨¼´¸ÅÄîÊý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍ£©½¨Á¢Ä£ÐÍ¡£

2£©Íê³É¸ÅÄîÊý¾ÝÄ£Ð͵Ĵ´½¨¡£ÒÔÏÂͼʾ£¬¶Ôµ±Ç°µÄ¹¤×÷¿Õ¼ä½øÐмòµ¥½éÉÜ¡££¨ÒÔºóÔÙ¸üÏêϸ˵Ã÷£©

3£©Ñ¡ÔñÐÂÔöµÄCDMÄ£ÐÍ£¬ÓÒ»÷£¬ÔÚµ¯³öµÄ²Ëµ¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ¡°Properties¡±ÊôÐÔÏµ¯³öÈçͼËùʾ¶Ô»°¿ò¡£ÔÚ¡°General¡±±êÇ©Àï¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëËù½¨Ä£ÐÍ
µÄÃû³Æ¡¢´úÂë¡¢ÃèÊö¡¢´´½¨Õß¡¢°æ±¾ÒÔ¼°Ä¬ÈϵÄͼ±íµÈµÈÐÅÏ¢¡£ÔÚ¡°Notes¡±±êÇ©Àï¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëÏà¹ØÃèÊö¼°ËµÃ÷ÐÅÏ¢¡£µ±È»ÔÙÓиü¶àµÄ±êÇ©£¬¿ÉÒÔµã»÷
"More>>"°´Å¥£¬ÕâÀï¾Í²»ÔÙ½øÐÐÏêϸ½âÊÍ¡£

¶þ¡¢´´½¨ÐÂʵÌå
1£©ÔÚCDMµÄͼÐδ°¿ÚÖУ¬µ¥»÷¹¤¾ßÑ¡Ïî°æÉϵÄEntity¹¤¾ß£¬ÔÙµ¥»÷ͼÐδ°¿ÚµÄ¿Õ°×´¦£¬ÔÚµ¥»÷µÄλÖþͳöÏÖÒ»¸öʵÌå·ûºÅ¡£µã»÷Pointer¹¤¾ß»òÓÒ»÷Êó±ê£¬ÊÍ·ÅEntitiy¹¤¾ß¡£ÈçͼËùʾ

2£©Ë«»÷¸Õ´´½¨µÄʵÌå·ûºÅ£¬´ò¿ªÏÂÁÐͼ±ê´°¿Ú£¬ÔÚ´Ë´°¿Ú¡°General¡±±êÇ©ÖпÉÒÔÊäÈëʵÌåµÄÃû³Æ¡¢´úÂë¡¢ÃèÊöµÈÐÅÏ¢¡£

Èý¡¢Ìí¼ÓʵÌåÊôÐÔ
1£©ÔÚÉÏÊö´°¿ÚµÄ¡°Attribute¡±Ñ¡Ïî±êÇ©ÉÏ¿ÉÒÔÌí¼ÓÊôÐÔ£¬ÈçÏÂͼËùʾ¡£

×¢Ò⣺
Êý¾ÝÏîÖеġ°Ìí¼ÓÊôÐÔ¡±ºÍ¡°ÖØÓÃÒÑÓÐÊý¾ÝÏÕâÁ½ÏÄÜÓëÄ£ÐÍÖÐData ItemµÄUnique
code ºÍAllow reuseÑ¡ÏîÓйء£
PÁбíʾ¸ÃÊôÐÔÊÇ·ñΪÖ÷±êʶ·û;DÁбíʾ¸ÃÊôÐÔÊÇ·ñÔÚͼÐδ°¿ÚÖÐÏÔʾ;MÁбíʾ¸ÃÊôÐÔÊÇ·ñÎªÇ¿ÖÆµÄ£¬¼´¸ÃÁÐÊÇ·ñΪ¿ÕÖµ¡£
Èç¹ûÒ»¸öʵÌåÊôÐÔÎªÇ¿ÖÆµÄ£¬ÄÇô£¬ Õâ¸öÊôÐÔÔÚÿÌõ¼Ç¼Öж¼±ØÐë±»¸³Öµ£¬²»ÄÜΪ¿Õ¡£2£©ÔÚÉÏͼËùʾ´°¿ÚÖУ¬µã»÷²åÈëÊôÐÔ°´Å¥£¬µ¯³öÊôÐÔ¶Ô»°¿ò£¬ÈçÏÂͼËùʾ¡£

×¢Ò⣺ÕâÀïÉæ¼°µ½ÓòµÄ¸ÅÄ¼´Ò»ÖÖ±ê×¼µÄÊý¾Ý½á¹¹£¬Ëü¿ÉÓ¦ÓÃÖÁÊý¾ÝÏî»òʵÌåµÄÊôÐÔÉÏ
Ò»¡¢¶¨ÒåÊôÐԵıê×¼¼ì²éÔ¼Êø
±ê×¼¼ì²éÔ¼ÊøÊÇÒ»×éÈ·±£ÊôÐÔÓÐЧµÄ±í´ïʽ¡£ÔÚʵÌåÊôÐÔµÄÌØÐÔ´°¿Ú£¬´ò¿ªÈçͼËùʾµÄ¼ì²éÑ¡Ï¡£

ÔÚÕâ¸öÑ¡Ï¿ÉÒÔ¶¨ÒåÊôÐԵıê×¼¼ì²éÔ¼Êø£¬´°¿ÚÖÐÿÏîµÄ²ÎÊýµÄº¬Ò壬ÈçÏÂ
²ÎÊý˵Ã÷MinimumÊôÐԿɽÓÊܵÄ×îСÊýMaximum ÊôÐԿɽÓÊܵÄ×î´óÊýDefaultÊôÐÔ²»¸³ÖµÊ±£¬ÏµÍ³ÌṩµÄĬÈÏÖµUnitµ¥Î»£¬È繫Àï¡¢¶Ö¡¢ÔªFormatÊôÐÔµÄÊý¾ÝÏÔʾ¸ñʽLowercaseÊôÐÔµÄ
¸³ÖµÈ«²¿±äΪСд×ÖĸUppercaseÊôÐԵĸ³ÖµÈ«²¿±äΪ´óд×ÖĸCannot modify¸ÃÊôÐÔÒ»µ©¸³Öµ²»ÄÜÔÙÐÞ¸ÄList
Of ValuesÊôÐÔ¸³ÖµÁÐ±í£¬³ýÁбíÖеÄÖµ£¬²»ÄÜÓÐÆäËûµÄÖµLabelÊôÐÔÁбíÖµµÄ±êÇ©
¶þ¡¢¶¨ÒåÊôÐԵĸ½¼Ó¼ì²é
µ±Standard checks »òRules ²»ÄÜÂú×ã¼ì²éµÄÒªÇóʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚAdditional
ChecksÑ¡ÏµÄServer×ÓÒ³ÉÏ£¬Í¨¹ýSQLÓï¾äÖÐʹÓÃ%MINMAX%¡¢%LISTVAL%¡¢%RULES%¡¢%UPPER%¡¢%LOWER%
¼¸¸ö±äÁ¿À´¶¨ÒåStandardºÍRule,ÈçͼËùʾ

%MINMAX%¡¢%LISTVAL%¡¢%UPPER%¡¢%LOWER%
ÔÚStandard CheckÖж¨ÒåµÄMinimum ºÍMaximum¡¢List
values ¡¢uppervalues¡¢lowervalues
%RULES%
ÔÚRulesÌØÐÔ´°¿ÚExpressionÑ¡ÏÖж¨ÒåµÄÓÐЧÐÔ¹æÔò±í´ïʽ
Ò»¡¢±êʶ·û
±êʶ·ûÊÇʵÌåÖÐÒ»¸ö»ò¶à¸öÊôÐԵļ¯ºÏ£¬¿ÉÓÃÀ´Î¨Ò»±êʶʵÌåÖеÄÒ»¸öʵÀý¡£ÒªÇ¿µ÷µÄÊÇ£¬CDMÖеıêʶ·ûµÈ¼ÛÓÚPDMÖеÄÖ÷¼ü»òºòÑ¡¼ü¡£
ÿ¸öʵÌå¶¼±ØÐëÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸ö±êʶ·û¡£Èç¹ûʵÌåÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸ö±êʶ·û£¬ÔòËüΪʵÌåµÄÖ÷±êʶ·û¡£Èç¹ûʵÌåÓжà¸ö±êʶ·û£¬ÔòÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö±»Ö¸¶¨ÎªÖ÷±êʶ·û£¬ÆäÓàµÄ±êʶ·û¾ÍÊǴαêʶ·ûÁË¡£
¶þ¡¢Èç¹û¶¨ÒåÖ÷¡¢´Î±êʶ·û
1£©Ñ¡Ôñij¸öʵÌåË«»÷µ¯³öʵÌåµÄÊôÐÔ¶Ô»°¿ò¡£ÔÚIdentifiersÑ¡ÏÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐʵÌå±êʶ·ûµÄ¶¨Òå¡£ÈçÏÂͼËùʾ

2£©Ñ¡ÔñµÚÒ»ÐС°Ö÷±êʶ·û¡±£¬µã»÷ÊôÐÔ°´Å¥»òË«»÷µÚÒ»ÐС°Ö÷±êʶ·û¡±£¬µ¯³öÊôÐÔ¶Ô»°¿ò£¬ÈçͼËùʾ

3£©Ñ¡Ôñ"Attributes"Ñ¡Ï£¬ÔÙµã»÷¡°Add
Attributes¡±¹¤¾ß£¬µ¯³öÈçͼËùʾ´°¿Ú£¬Ñ¡Ôñij¸öÊôÐÔ×÷Ϊ±êʶ·û¾ÍÐÐÁË¡£

Ò»¡¢Êý¾ÝÏî
Êý¾ÝÏData Item£©ÊÇÐÅÏ¢´æ´¢µÄ×îСµ¥Î»£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔ¸½¼ÓÔÚʵÌåÉÏ×÷ΪʵÌåµÄÊôÐÔ¡£
×¢Ò⣺ģÐÍÖÐÔÊÐí´æÔÚûÓи½¼ÓÖÁÈκÎʵÌåÉϵÄÊý¾ÝÏî¡£
¶þ¡¢Ð½¨Êý¾ÝÏî
1£©Ê¹Óá°Model¡±---> Data Items ²Ëµ¥£¬ÔÚ´ò¿ªµÄ´°¿ÚÖÐÏÔʾÒÑÓеÄÊý¾ÝÏîµÄÁÐ±í£¬µã»÷
¡°Add a Row¡±°´Å¥£¬´´½¨Ò»¸öÐÂÊý¾ÝÏÈçͼËùʾ

2£©µ±È»Äú¿ÉÒÔ¼ÌÐøÉèÖþßÌåÊý¾ÝÏîµÄCode¡¢DataType¡¢LengthµÈµÈÐÅÏ¢¡£ÕâÀï¾Í²»ÔÙÏêϸ˵Ã÷ÁË¡£
Èý¡¢Êý¾ÝÏîµÄΨһÐÔ´úÂëÑ¡ÏîºÍÖØÓÃÑ¡Ïî
ʹÓÃTools--->Model Options->Model
Settings¡£ÔÚData Item×é¿òÖж¨ÒåÊý¾ÝÏîµÄΨһÐÔ´úÂëÑ¡Ïî(Unique Code)ÓëÖØÓÃÑ¡ÏAllow
Reuse£©¡£
×¢Ò⣺
Èç¹ûÑ¡ÔñUnique Code¸´Ñ¡¿ò £¬Ã¿¸öÊý¾ÝÏîÔÚͬһ¸öÃüÃû¿Õ¼äÓÐΨһµÄ´úÂ룬¶øÑ¡ÔñAllow
reuse £¬Ò»¸öÊý¾ÝÏî¿ÉÒԳ䵱¶à¸öʵÌåµÄÊôÐÔ¡£

ËÄ¡¢ÔÚʵÌåÖÐÌí¼ÓÊý¾ÝÏî
1£©Ë«»÷Ò»¸öʵÌå·ûºÅ£¬´ò¿ª¸ÃʵÌåµÄÊôÐÔ´°¿Ú¡£
2£©µ¥»÷AttributesÑ¡Ï£¬´ò¿ªÈçÏÂͼËùʾ´°¿Ú

×¢Ò⣺
Add a DataItem Óë Reuse a DataItemµÄÇø±ðÔÚÓÚ
Add a DataItem Çé¿öÏ£¬Ñ¡ÔñÒ»¸öÒѾ´æÔÚµÄÊý¾ÝÏϵͳ»á×Ô¶¯¸´ÖÆËùÑ¡ÔñµÄÊý¾ÝÏî¡£Èç¹ûÄúÉèÖÃÁËUniqueCodeÑ¡ÏÄÇϵͳÔÚ¸´Öƹý³ÌÖУ¬ÐÂÊý¾ÝÏîµÄCode»á×Ô¶¯Éú³ÉÒ»¸öΨһµÄºÅÂ룬·ñÔòÓëËùÑ¡ÔñµÄÊý¾ÝÏîÍêȫһÖ¡£

Reuse a DataItemÇé¿öÏ£¬Ö»ÒýÓò»ÐÂÔö£¬¾ÍÊÇÒýÓÃÄÇЩÒѾ´æÔÚµÄÊý¾ÝÏ×÷ΪÐÂʵÌåµÄÊý¾ÝÏî
Ò»¡¢ ÁªÏµ
ÁªÏµ£¨Relationship£©ÊÇָʵÌ弯Õâ¼ä»òʵÌ弯ÄÚ²¿ÊµÀýÖ®¼äµÄÁ¬½Ó¡£
ʵÌåÖ®¼ä¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÁªÏµÀ´Ï໥¹ØÁª¡£ÓëʵÌåºÍʵÌ弯¶ÔÓ¦£¬ÁªÏµÒ²¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÁªÏµºÍÁªÏµ¼¯£¬ÁªÏµ¼¯ÊÇʵÌ弯֮¼äµÄÁªÏµ£¬ÁªÏµÊÇʵÌåÖ®¼äµÄÁªÏµ£¬ÁªÏµÊǾßÓз½ÏòÐԵġ£ÁªÏµºÍÁªÏµ¼¯ÔÚº¬ÒåÃ÷È·µÄÇé¿ö֮Ͼù¿É³ÆÎªÁªÏµ¡£
°´ÕÕʵÌåÀàÐÍÖÐʵÀýÖ®¼äµÄÊýÁ¿¶ÔÓ¦¹ØÏµ£¬Í¨³£¿É½«ÁªÏµ·ÖΪ4À࣬¼´Ò»¶ÔÒ»£¨ONE
TO ONE£©ÁªÏµ¡¢Ò»¶Ô¶à£¨ONE TO MANY£©ÁªÏµ¡¢¶à¶ÔÒ»£¨MANY TO ONE£©ÁªÏµºÍ¶à¶Ô¶àÁªÏµ£¨MANY
TO MANY£©¡£
¶þ¡¢ ½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ
ÔÚCDM¹¤¾ßÑ¡Ïî°åÖгýÁ˹«¹²µÄ¹¤¾ßÍ⣬»¹°üÀ¨ÈçÏÂͼËùʾµÄÆäËü¶ÔÏó²úÉú¹¤¾ß¡£

ÔÚͼÐδ°¿ÚÖд´½¨Á½¸öʵÌåºó£¬µ¥»÷¡°ÊµÌå¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡±¹¤¾ß£¬µ¥»÷Ò»¸öʵÌ壬ÔÚ°´ÏÂÊó±ê×ó¼üµÄͬʱ°Ñ¹â±êÍÏÖÁ±ðÒ»¸öʵÌåÉϲ¢ÊÍ·ÅÊó±ê×ó¼ü£¬ÕâÑù¾ÍÔÚÁ½¸öʵÌå¼ä´´½¨ÁËÁªÏµ£¬ÓÒ¼üµ¥»÷ͼÐδ°¿Ú£¬ÊÍ·ÅRelationship¹¤¾ß¡£ÈçÏÂͼËùʾ

Èý¡¢ ËÄÖÖ»ù±¾µÄÁªÏµ
¼´Ò»¶ÔÒ»£¨ONE TO ONE£©ÁªÏµ¡¢Ò»¶Ô¶à£¨ONE TO MANY£©ÁªÏµ¡¢¶à¶ÔÒ»£¨MANY
TO ONE£©ÁªÏµºÍ¶à¶Ô¶àÁªÏµ£¨MANY TO MANY£©¡£ÈçͼËùʾ
ʹÓÃPowerDesigner»ERͼÏêϸ½Ì³Ì
ËÄ¡¢ ÆäËû¼¸ÀàÌØÊâÁªÏµ
³ýÁË4ÖÖ»ù±¾µÄÁªÏµÖ®Í⣬ʵÌ弯ÓëʵÌ弯֮¼ä»¹´æÔڱ궨ÁªÏµ£¨Identify Relationship£©¡¢·Ç±ê¶¨ÁªÏµ£¨Non-Identify
RelationShip£©ºÍµÝ¹éÁªÏµ£¨Recursive Relationship£©¡£
±ê¶¨ÁªÏµ£º
ÿ¸öʵÌåÀàÐͶ¼ÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄ±êʶ·û£¬Èç¹ûÁ½¸öʵÌ弯֮¼ä·¢ÉúÁªÏµ£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öʵÌåÀàÐ͵ıêʶ·û½øÈëÁíÒ»¸öʵÌåÀàÐͲ¢Óë¸ÃʵÌåÀàÐÍÖеıêʶ·û¹²Í¬×é³ÉÆä±êʶ·ûʱ£¬ÕâÖÖÁªÏµÔò³ÆÎª±ê¶¨ÁªÏµ£¬Ò²½ÐÒÀÀµÁªÏµ¡£·´Ö®³ÆÎª·Ç±ê¶¨ÁªÏµ£¬Ò²½Ð·ÇÒÀÀµÁªÏµ¡£
×¢Ò⣺
ÔڷDZ궨ÁªÏµÖУ¬Ò»¸öʵÌ弯ÖеIJ¿·ÖʵÀýÒÀÀµÓÚÁíÒ»¸öʵÀý¼¯ÖеÄʵÀý£¬ÔÚÕâÖÖÒÀÀµÁªÏµÖУ¬Ã¿¸öʵÌ屨ÐëÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸ö±êʶ·û¡£¶øÔڱ궨ÁªÏµÖУ¬Ò»¸öʵÌ弯ÖеÄ
È«²¿ÊµÀýÍêÈ«ÒÀÀµÓÚÁí¸öʵÌ弯ÖеÄʵÀý£¬ÔÚÕâÖÖÒÀÀµÁªÏµÖÐÒ»¸öʵÌ屨ÐëÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸ö±êʶ·û£¬¶øÁíÒ»¸öʵÌåÈ´¿ÉÒÔûÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄ±êʶ·û¡£Ã»Óбêʶ·ûµÄʵÌåÓÃËüËùÒÀ
ÀµµÄʵÌåµÄ±êʶ·û×÷Ϊ×Ô¼ºµÄ±êʶ·û¡£
»»¾ä»°À´Àí½â£¬Ôڱ궨ÁªÏµÖУ¬Ò»¸öʵÌ壨ѡ¿Î£©ÒÀÀµ Ò»¸öʵÌ壨ѧÉú£©£¬ÄÇô£¨Ñ§Éú£©ÊµÌ屨ÐëÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸ö±êʶ·û£¬¶ø£¨Ñ¡¿Î£©ÊµÌå¿ÉÒÔûÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄ±êʶ·û£¬Ã»Óбê±êʶ·ûµÄʵÌå¿ÉÒÔÓÃʵÌ壨ѧÉú£©µÄ±êʶ·û×÷Ϊ×Ô¼ºµÄ±êʶ·û¡£

µÝ¹éÁªÏµ£º
µÝ¹éÁªÏµÊÇʵÌ弯ÄÚ²¿ÊµÀýÖ®¼äµÄÒ»ÖÖÁªÏµ£¬Í¨³£ÐÎÏ󵨳ÆÎª×Ô·´ÁªÏµ¡£Í¬Ò»ÊµÌåÀàÐÍÖв»Í¬ÊµÌ弯֮¼äµÄÁªÏµÒ²³ÆÎªµÝ¹éÁªÏµ¡£
ÀýÈ磺ÔÚ¡°Ö°¹¤¡±ÊµÌ弯ÖдæÔںܶàµÄÖ°¹¤£¬ÕâЩְ¹¤Ö®¼ä±ØÐë´æÔÚÒ»ÖÖÁìµ¼Óë±»Áìµ¼µÄ¹ØÏµ¡£ÓÖÈ硰ѧÉú¡±ÊµÌåÐÅÖеÄʵÌå°üº¬¡°°à³¤¡±×ÓʵÌ弯Óë¡°ÆÕͨѧÉú¡±
×ÓʵÌ弯£¬ÕâÁ½¸ö×ÓʵÌ弯֮¼äµÄÁªÏµ¾ÍÊÇÒ»ÖֵݹéÁªÏµ¡£´´½¨µÝ¹éÁªÏµÊ±£¬Ö»ÐèÒªµ¥»÷¡°ÊµÌå¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡±¹¤¾ß´ÓʵÌåµÄÒ»²¿·ÖÍÏÖÁ¸ÃʵÌåµÄ±ðÒ»¸ö²¿·Ö¼´¿É¡£Èçͼ

Îå¡¢ ¶¨ÒåÁªÏµµÄÌØÐÔ
ÔÚÁ½¸öʵÌå¼ä½¨Á¢ÁËÁªÏµºó£¬Ë«»÷ÁªÏµÏߣ¬´ò¿ªÁªÏµÌØÐÔ´°¿Ú£¬ÈçͼËùʾ¡£

Áù¡¢ ¶¨ÒåÁªÏµµÄ½ÇÉ«Ãû
ÔÚÁªÏµµÄÁ½¸ö·½ÏòÉϸ÷×Ô°üº¬ÓÐÒ»¸ö·Ö×é¿ò£¬ÆäÖеIJÎÊýÖ»¶ÔÕâ¸ö·½ÏòÆð×÷Óã¬Role
NameΪ½ÇÉ«Ãû£¬ÃèÊö¸Ã·½ÏòÁªÏµµÄ×÷Óã¬Ò»°ãÓÃÒ»¸ö¶¯´Ê»ò¶¯±ö×é±í¡£
È磺¡°Ñ§Éú to ¿ÎÄ¿ ¡± ×é¿òÖÐÓ¦¸ÃÌîд¡°ÓµÓС±£¬¶øÔÚ¡°¿ÎÄ¿To ѧÉú¡±×é¿òÖÐÌîд¡°ÊôÓÚ¡±¡££¨ÔÚ´ËÖ»ÊǾÙÀý˵Ã÷£¬¿ÉÄÜÓÐЩÓôʲ»Ì«ºÏÀí£©¡£
Æß¡¢ ¶¨ÒåÁªÏµµÄÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ
Mandatory ±íÑóÕâ¸ö·½ÏòÁªÏµµÄÇ¿ÖÆ¹ØÏµ¡£Ñ¡ÖÐÕâ¸ö¸´Ñ¡¿ò£¬ÔòÔÚÁªÏµÏßÉϲúÉúÒ»¸öÁªÏµÏß´¹Ö±µÄÊúÏß¡£²»Ñ¡ÔñÕâ¸ö¸´Ñ¡¿òÔò±íʾÁªÏµÕâ¸ö·½ÏòÉÏÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÔÚÁªÏµÏßÉϲúÉúÒ»¸öСԲȦ¡£
°Ë¡¢ ÓйØÁªÏµµÄ»ùÊý
ÁªÏµ¾ßÓз½ÏòÐÔ£¬Ã¿¸ö·½ÏòÉ϶¼ÓÐÒ»¸ö»ùÊý¡£
¾ÙÀý£¬
¡°Ïµ¡±Ó롰ѧÉú¡±Á½¸öʵÌåÖ®¼äµÄÁªÏµÊÇÒ»¶Ô¶àÁªÏµ£¬»»¾ä»°Ëµ¡°Ñ§Éú¡±ºÍ¡°Ïµ¡±Ö®¼äµÄÁªÏµÊǶà¶ÔÒ»ÁªÏµ¡£¶øÇÒÒ»¸öѧÉú±ØÐëÊôÓÚÒ»¸öϵ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÄÜÊôÓÚÒ»¸öϵ£¬
²»ÄÜÊôÓÚÁã¸öϵ£¬ËùÒÔ´Ó¡°Ñ§Éú¡±ÊµÌåÖÁ¡°Ïµ¡±ÊµÌåµÄ»ùÊýΪ¡°1,1¡±£¬´ÓÁªÏµµÄÁíÒ»·½Ïò¿¼ÂÇ£¬Ò»¸öϵ¿ÉÒÔÓµÓжà¸öѧÉú£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔûÓÐÈκÎѧÉú£¬¼´Áã¸öѧÉú£¬
ËùÒԸ÷½ÏòÁªÏµµÄ»ùÊý¾ÍΪ¡°0,n¡±,ÈçͼËùʾ

CDMÊÇ´ó¶àÊý¿ª·¢ÕßʹÓÃPDʱ×îÏÈ´´½¨µÄÄ£ÐÍ£¬Ò²ÊÇÕû¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÉè¼Æ×î¸ß²ãµÄ³éÏó¡£CDMÊǽ¨Á¢ÔÚ´«Í³µÄERͼģÐÍÀíÂÛÖ®Éϵģ¬ERͼÖÐÓÐÈý´óÖ÷ÒªÔªËØ£º
ʵÌåÐÍ£¬ÊôÐÔºÍÁªÏµ¡£ÆäÖÐʵÌåÐͶÔÓ¦µ½CDMÖеÄEntity£¬ÊôÐÔ¶ÔÓ¦µ½CDMÖÐÿ¸öEntityµÄAttribute£¬ÔÚ¸ÅÄîÉÏ»ù±¾ÉÏÊÇÒ»Ò»¶ÔÓ¦µÄ¡£
µ«ÔÚÁªÏµÉÏ£¬CDMÓÐÁ˱ȽϴóµÄÀ©Õ¹£¬³ýÁ˱£ÁôERͼÔÓеÄRelationShip¸ÅÄîÖ®Í⣬»¹Ôö¼ÓÁËAssociation£¬Inheritance
Á½ÖÖʵÌå¹ØÏµ£¬ÏÂÃæ¾ÍÈÃÎÒÃǷֱ𿴿´ÕâЩ¹ØÏµµÄÓ÷¨ºÍÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ð£¨ÏÂͼÖб»±êºìµÄ¹¤¾ßÀ¸°´Å¥¾ÍÊÇÓÃÀ´ÏòʵÌåÖÐÌí¼ÓÕâЩ¹ØÏµµÄ£©¡£

ÁíÍ⣬ÔÚ½éÉÜËùÓÐÕâЩCDMÖеÄÔªËØÖ®Ç°£¬±ÊÕßÏȸø³öÒ»¸öºÜ¼òµ¥µÄCDMͼ£¬ÊǶÔÎÒÃÇ×î×îÊìϤµÄѧУ³¡¾°µÄÒ»¸ö½¨Ä££¬ÏÂÎÄÖÐÌáµ½µÄËùÓиÅÄîÔÚͼÖж¼ÓÐÌåÏÖ£¬´ó¼ÒÔÚ¿´ÏÂÎĵÄʱºò¿ÉÒÔ¶ÔÕÕ×ÅÀ´¿´£º

Ò». RelationShip(ÁªÏµ)
Ïȸø³öPDÊÖ²áÀï¶ÔÁªÏµµÄ¶¨Ò壺¡°A relationship is a
link between entities. For example, in a CDM that manages
human resources, the relationship Member links the entities
Employee and Team, because employees can be members
of teams. This relationship expresses that each employee
works in a team and that each team has employees.¡± ¿É¼û£¬Ò²ÐíÁªÏµµÄ¸ÅÄîÕæµÄÌ«¼òµ¥Á˰ɣ¬ËùÒÔ·´¶ø²»ÄÇôºÃ±íÊö£¬ËùÒÔPDµÄÎĵµÀïÒ²ÊÇÓÃÒ»¸öÀý×ÓÀ´ËµÃ÷³öÏÖÁËʲôÑùµÄÇé¿öÎÒÃǾÍÈÏΪÁ½¸öʵÌå¼äÊÇÓÐÁªÏµµÄ¡£
µ±ÎÒÃÇÌáÆðʵÌå¼äÁªÏµµÄʱºò£¬×îÏÈÏëµ½µÄ¿ÖÅÂÊÇone to one£¬one
to many ºÍmany to manyÕâÈýÖÖÁªÏµÀàÐÍ£¬ÕâЩÁªÏµÀàÐÍÒ²ÊÇ´ó¼Ò×îÊìϤµÄ¡£±ÊÕß¶ÔERͼԱ¾µÄ¸ÅÄî²¢²»¾«Í¨£¬µ«ÔÚCDMÖУ¬ÁªÏµ»¹ÓÐÁíÍâÈý¸ö¿ÉÒÔÉèÖõÄÊô
ÐÔ£ºmandatory£¨Ç¿ÖÆÐÔÁªÏµ£©, dependent£¨ÒÀÀµÐÔÁªÏµ/±ê¶¨¹ØÁª£© ºÍdominant£¨Í³ÖÆÁªÏµ£©¡£ÕâЩÊôÐÔ¶ÔºóÃæPDMµÄÉú³É¶¼ÓбȽϴóµÄÓ°Ï죬ÐèÒªÎÒÃÇÒ»Ò»ÓÐËùÁ˽⡣ËüÃǶ¼ÊÇÔÚÁªÏµµÄÊôÐÔ¿ØÖÆÃæ°åÖÐÉ趨µÄ£¬¼ûÏÂͼ£º

1.mandatory
ÁªÏµÊÇ·ñ¾ßÓÐÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ£¬Ö¸µÄÊÇʵÌå¼äÊDz»ÊÇÒ»¶¨»á³öÏÖÕâÖÖÁªÏµ£»»òÕß»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬µ±ÎÒÃÇÔÚ̸¼°Ò»¸öÁªÏµµÄÓ¦Óó¡¾°µÄʱºò£¬ÁªÏµ¶ÔÓ¦µÄÄÇÁ½¸öʵÌåÐ͵ÄʵÌåʵÀýµÄ
¸öÊý¿É²»¿ÉÄÜΪÁã¡£Ò²ÐíÕâÑùµÄ½âÊÍ»¹ÊÇÓеã³éÏó£¬ÈÃÎÒÃǾÙÁ½¸öÁªÏµµÄÀý×Ó£¬Ò»¸öÊǶÔÁ½±ßµÄʵÌå¶¼ÓÐÇ¿ÖÆÐԵģ¬ÁíÒ»¸öÔò²»È»¡£
£¨1£©½Ìʦ--ѧÉú ÁªÏµ
Õâ¸öÁªÏµÊ×ÏÈÊÇÒ»¸ö¶à¶Ô¶àÁªÏµ£¬ÒòΪÿ¸öÀÏʦ¿ÉÒԽ̶à¸öѧÉú£¬Ã¿¸öѧÉúÒ²¶¼Óжà¸öÀÏʦÀ´¸ºÔðËûÃǵÄѧҵ¡£Í¬Ê±£¬Õâ¸öÁªÏµ¶Ô½ÌʦºÍѧÉú¶¼ÊÇÇ¿ÖÆÐԵģ¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬²»´æÔÚÈκÎÒ»¸öÀÏʦ£¬Ëû²»¸ºÔðÈκÎÒ»¸öѧÉúµÄ½Ìѧ£»Ò²²»´æÔÚÈκÎÒ»¸öѧÉú£¬ËûûÓÐÈκÎÒ»¸öÈοÎÀÏʦ¡£
£¨2£©Ñ§Éú--¾ãÀÖ²¿ ÁªÏµ
Õâ¸öÁªÏµÒ²ÊÇÒ»¸ö¶à¶Ô¶à¹ØÏµ£¬µ«Ëü¶ÔѧÉúÕâ¸öʵÌåÐͶøÑԾͲ»ÊÇÇ¿ÖÆµÄ£¨Optional,¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£©¡£Ã¿¸ö¾ãÀÖ²¿¶¼ÓÐÖÁÉÙÒ»¸öѧÉú²Î¼Ó£¬µ«²¢²»ÊÇÿ¸öѧÉú¶¼ÒªÈ¥²Î¼Ó¾ãÀÖ²¿µÄ»î¶¯¡£ÍêÈ«¿ÉÒÔÓÐһЩѧÉú£¬ËûÃÇʲô¾ãÀÖ²¿¶¼Ã»²Î¼Ó¡£
ÉÏÃæµÄÀý×ÓÖ÷ÒªÊÇ´Ó¸ÅÄîµÄ½Ç¶ÈÀ´Çø·ÖÁËmandatoryºÍoptionalµÄÇø±ð¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏÈç¹û°ÑÕâ¸öÄ£ÐͶÔÓ¦µ½ÎÒÃÇ×îºóÉú³ÉµÄ±í£¬Èç¹ûA-B¼äµÄÁªÏµ¶Ô
AÊÇmandatoryµÄ»°£¬ÄÇôÈç¹ûÔÚAÀïÃæÈç¹û°üº¬BµÄÍâ¼ü£¬Õâ¸öÍâ¼ü²»ÄÜΪ¿ÕÖµ£¬·´Ö®¿ÉÒÔΪ¿ÕÖµ¡£ºóÃæÎÒÃÇ̸µ½PDMºÍʵ¼ÊÊý¾Ý¿âµÄʱºò£¬´ó¼Ò»á¿´
µ½ÕâÒ»µã¡£
2.dependent
ÿһ¸öEntityÐͶ¼ÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄIdentifier£¬Èç¹ûÁ½¸öEntityÐÍÖ®¼ä·¢Éú¹ØÁªÊ±£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öEntityÐ͵ÄIdentifier½øÈëÁíÒ»¸ö
EntityÐͲ¢Óë¸Ã EntityÐÍÖеÄIdentifier¹²Í¬×é³ÉÆäIdentifierʱ£¬ÕâÖÖ¹ØÁª³ÆÎª±ê¶¨¹ØÁª,Ò²½ÐÒÀÀµÐÔ¹ØÁª(dependent
relationship)¡£Ò»¸öEntityÐ͵ÄIdentifier½øÈëÁíÒ»¸öEntityÐͺó³äµ±Æä·ÇIdentifierʱ£¬ÕâÖÖ¹ØÁª³ÆÎª·Ç±ê¶¨
¹ØÁª,Ò²½Ð·ÇÒÀÀµ¹ØÁª¡£
¸ÅÄîµÄ¶¨Òå˵ÆðÀ´»¹ÊÇÓÐЩÞÖ¿Ú£¬Ëµ°×ÁËÆäʵ¾ÍÊÇÖ÷-´Ó±í¹ØÏµ£¬´Ó±íÒªÒÀÀµÓÚÖ÷±í¡£±ÈÈçÔÚÎÒÃÇϵͳÀïÒª¼Ç¼½ÌʦÐݼٵÄÇé¿ö£¬ÓÐÒ»¸öʵÌåÐÍHoliday£¬Æä
ÊôÐÔ°üÀ¨ÐݼٵĿªÊ¼Ê±¼äºÍÌìÊý£¬Ã¿´ÎÓнÌʦÐݼٵÄʱºò£¬¶¼ÒªÔÚÕâ¸ö±íÁôϼǼ¡£´ÓÎÒÃǵij¡¾°ÃèÊöÖпÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬ÊµÌåÐÍ¼ÙÆÚ±ØÐëÒÀ¸½ÓÚʵÌåÐͽÌʦ£¬¼´¶ÔÓÚÿһ
¸ö¼ÙÆÚʵÀý£¬±ØÐëÖ¸Ïòijһ¸ö½ÌʦʵÀý¡£
¶ÔÓÚÒÀÀµÐÍÁªÏµ£¬±ØÐë×¢ÒâËü²»¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒ»¸ö¶à¶Ô¶àÁªÏµ£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öÁªÏµÖУ¬±ØÐëÓÐÒ»¸ö×÷ΪÖ÷ÌåµÄʵÌåÐÍ¡£Ò»¸ödependentÁªÏµµÄ´ÓʵÌå¿ÉÒÔûÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄidentifier.
3.dominant
Õâ¸öÁªÏµÊôÐÔÊÇ×îΪ¼òµ¥µÄ£¬Ëü½ö×÷ÓÃÓÚÒ»¶ÔÒ»ÁªÏµ£¬²¢Ö¸Ã÷ÕâÖÖÁªÏµÖеÄÖ÷´Ó±í¹ØÏµ¡£ÔÚA,BÁ½¸öʵÌåÐ͵ÄÁªÏµÖУ¬Èç¹ûA-->B±»Ö¸¶¨Îª
dominant£¬ÄÇôAΪÕâ¸öÒ»¶ÔÒ»ÁªÏµµÄÖ÷±í£¬BΪ´Ó±í£¬²¢ÇÒÔÚÒÔºóÉú³ÉµÄPDMÖлá²úÉúÒ»¸öÒýÓã¨Èç¹û²»Ö¸¶¨dominantÊôÐԵϰ»á²úÉúÁ½¸öÒý
Óã©¡£±ÈÈçÀÏʦºÍ°à¼¶Ö®¼äµÄÁªÏµ£¬ÒòΪÿ¸ö°à¼¶¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸öÀÏʦ×ö°àÖ÷ÈΣ¬Ã¿¸öÀÏʦҲ×î¶àÖ»ÄÜ×öÒ»¸ö°à¼¶µÄ°àÖ÷ÈΣ¬ËùÒÔÊÇÒ»¸öÒ»¶ÔÒ»¹ØÏµ¡£Í¬Ê±£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ½«ÀÏ
ʦ×÷ΪÖ÷±í£¬ÓÃÀÏʦµÄ¹¤ºÅÀ´Î¨Ò»È·¶¨Ò»¸ö°àÖ÷ÈÎÁªÏµ¡£
¶þ.Association£¨¹ØÁª£©
ÏÈÀ´¿´Ò»ÏÂPD¸øassociationµÄ¶¨Ò壺¡°An association
is a connection between entities. In the Merise modeling
methodology an association is used to connect several
entities that each represents clearly defined objects,
but are linked by an event, which may not be so clearly
represented by another entity.¡±¡£
ÔÚÉÏһС¶ÎÌáµ½µÄÄÇЩRelationShip£¬ÔںܶàÇé¿öÏ£¨ÌرðÊǶà¶Ô¶à¹ØÏµÖУ©£¬ÎÒÃÇ»á°ÑÁªÏµ×¨ÃÅÌá³öÀ´£¬×÷Ϊһ¸öʵÌåÐÍ·ÅÔÚÁ½¸öÐèÒª±»¹ØÁªµÄʵÌå
ÐÍÖм䣨ÔÚPDÖУ¬Ñ¡ÖÐÈκÎÒ»¸öÁªÏµ£¬ÔÚÓÒ¼üµÄµ¯³ö²Ëµ¥ÖÐÑ¡Ôñ¡°Change to Entity¡±ÃüÁî¼´¿ÉÍê³ÉÁªÏµ×ªÊµÌåµÄ²Ù×÷£©¡£µ«ÓеÄʱºò£¬°ÑÈô¸É¸öʵÌåÐÍÖ®¼äµÄÁªÏµ³éÏóΪһ¸öʵÌåÐÍ¿ÉÄܲ»Ì«ºÏÊÊ£¬Õâ¸öʱºòÄã¿ÉÒÔÑ¡ÔñΪÕâЩʵÌåÐͽ¨
Á¢Ò»¸öassociation£¬ÄÇôÔÚÉú³ÉPDMµÄʱºò£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩÏà¹ØÊµÌåÐ͵Äidentifier¶¼»á±»¼ÓÈëµ½association¶ÔÓ¦Éú³ÉµÄ±íÄ£ÐÍ
ÖС£ËùÒÔ£¬Ëµ°×ÁË£¬Æäʵassociation¾ÍÊÇʵÌåÐ͵ÄÒ»ÖÖÌØÀý£¬ÓÃÀ´ÔÚ½¨Ä£µÄʱºò¸üÈ·Çеıí´ïʵÌå¼äµÄ¹ØÁªÐÅÏ¢¡£ÔÚPDµÄÎĵµÖоÙÁËÒ»¸ö¼Òô´ø¡¢¹Ë
¿Í¡¢É̵êÈý¸öʵÌåÐÍÔÚ×â½è¼Òô´øÕâ¸ö³¡¾°ÉÏ·¢Éú¹ØÁª£¬È»ºó°Ñ×â½è¶¨ÒåΪÉÏÊöÈý¸öʵÌåÐÍÖ®¼äµÄassociationµÄÀý×Ó£¬·Ç³£È·ÇС£ÔÚÎÒÃǵÄѧУģÐÍ
ÀÎÒ¶¨ÒåÁ˼ҷÃ×öΪÀÏʦºÍѧÉúʵÌåÐÍÖмäµÄÒ»¸öassociation£¬ÔÚ½ÓÏÂÀ´²úÉúµÄPDMÖдó¼Ò¾Í¿ÉÄÜ¿´µ½ÕâÖÖ¶¨ÒåËù²úÉúµÄЧ¹û¡£
|