svn常用命令整理
 

2009-06-12 作者:狂风 来源:狂风的blog

 

svn命令 通常都有帮助,可通过如下方式查询:

$ svn help

知道了子命令,但是不知道子命令的用法,还可以查询:

$ svn help add

开发人员常用命令

(1) 导入项目

$ cd ~/project$ mkdir -p svntest/{trunk,branches,tags}

$ svn import svntest https://localhost/test/svntest --message "Start project"

...

$ rm -rf svntest

我们新建一个项目svntest,在该项目下新建三个子目录:trunk,开发主干;branches,开发分支;tags,开发阶段性标签。然后导入到版本库test下,然后把svntest拿掉。

(2) 导出项目

$ svn checkout https://localhost/test/svntest/trunk

修订版本号的指定方式是每个开发人员必须了解的,以下是几个参考例子,说明可参考svn推荐书。

$ svn diff --revision PREV:COMMITTED foo.c

# shows the last change committed to foo.c

$ svn log --revision HEAD

# shows log message for the latest repository commit

$ svn diff --revision HEAD

# compares your working file (with local changes) to the latest version

# in the repository

$ svn diff --revision BASE:HEAD foo.c

# compares your “pristine” foo.c (no local changes) with the

# latest version in the repository

$ svn log --revision BASE:HEAD

# shows all commit logs since you last updated

$ svn update --revision PREV foo.c

# rewinds the last change on foo.c

# (foo.c's working revision is decreased)

$ svn checkout --revision 3

# specified with revision number

$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17}

$ svn checkout --revision {15:30}

$ svn checkout --revision {15:30:00.200000}

$ svn checkout --revision {"2002-02-17 15:30"}

$ svn checkout --revision {"2002-02-17 15:30 +0230"}

$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30}

$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30Z}

$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30-04:00}

$ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530}

$ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530Z}

$ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530-0500}

(3) 日常指令

$ svn update

$ svn add foo.file

$ svn add foo1.dir

$ svn add foo2.dir --non-recursive

$ svn delete README

$ svn copy foo bar

$ svn move foo1 bar1

$ svn status

$ svn status --verbose

$ svn status --verbose --show-updates

$ svn status stuff/fox.c

$ svn diff$ svn diff > patchfile

$ svn revert README

$ svn revert

修改冲突发生时,会生成三个文件:

.mine, .rOLDREV, .rNEWREV。比如:

$ ls -l

sandwich.txt

sandwich.txt.mine

sandwich.txt.r1

sandwich.txt.r2

解决修改冲突方式之一:修改冲突的文件sandwich.txt,然后运行命令:

$ svn resolved sandwich.txt

方式之二:用库里的新版本覆盖你的修改:

$ cp sandwich.txt.r2 sandwich.txt

$ svn resolved sandwich.txt

方式之三:撤销你的修改,这种方式不需要运行resolved子命令:

$ svn revert sandwich.txt

Reverted 'sandwich.txt'

$ ls sandwich.*

sandwich.txt

确保没问题后,就可以提交了。

$ svn commit --message "Correct some fatal problems"

$ svn commit --file logmsg

$ svn commit

(4) 检验版本历史

$ svn log

$ svn log --revision 5:19

$ svn log foo.c

$ svn log -r 8 -v

$ svn diff

$ svn diff --revision 3 rules.txt

$ svn diff --revision 2:3 rules.txt

$ svn diff --revision 4:5 http://svn.red-bean.com/repos/example/trunk/text/rules.txt

$ svn cat --revision 2 rules.txt

$ svn cat --revision 2 rules.txt > rules.txt.v2

$ svn list http://svn.collab.net/repos/svn

$ svn list --verbose http://svn.collab.net/repos/svn

$ svn checkout --revision 1729 # Checks out a new working copy at r1729

$ svn update --revision 1729 # Updates an existing working copy to r1729

(5) 其他有用的命令

svn cleanup为失败的事务清场。

(6) 分支和合并

建立分支方法一:先checkout然后做拷贝,最后提交拷贝。

$ svn checkout http://svn.example.com/repos/calc bigwc

A bigwc/trunk/

A bigwc/trunk/Makefile

A bigwc/trunk/integer.c

A bigwc/trunk/button.c

A bigwc/branches/

Checked out revision 340.

$ cd bigwc

$ svn copy trunk branches/my-calc-branch

$ svn status

A + branches/my-calc-branch

$ svn commit -m "Creating a private branch of /calc/trunk."

Adding     branches/my-calc-branch

Committed revision 341.

建立分支方法二:直接远程拷贝。

$ svn copy http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk \

http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch \

-m "Creating a private branch of /calc/trunk."

Committed revision 341.

建立分支后,你可以把分支checkout并继续你的开发。

$ svn checkout http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch

假设你已经checkout了主干,现在想切换到某个分支开发,可做如下的操作:

$ cd calc

$ svn info | grep

URLURL: http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk

$ svn switch http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch

U integer.c

U button.c

U Makefile

Updated to revision 341.

$ svn info | grep

URLURL: http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch

合并文件的命令参考:

$ svn diff -r 343:344 http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk

$ svn merge -r 343:344 http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk

$ svn commit -m "integer.c: ported r344 (spelling fixes) from trunk."

$ svn merge -r 343:344 http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk my-calc-branch

$ svn merge http://svn.example.com/repos/branch1@150 \

http://svn.example.com/repos/branch2@212 \

my-working-copy

$ svn merge -r 100:200 http://svn.example.com/repos/trunk my-working-copy

$ svn merge -r 100:200 http://svn.example.com/repos/trunk

$ svn merge --dry-run -r 343:344 http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk

最后一条命令仅仅做合并测试,并不执行合并操作。

建立标签和建立分支没什么区别,不过是拷贝到不同的目录而已。

$ svn copy http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk \

http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/tags/release-1.0 \

-m "Tagging the 1.0 release of the 'calc' project."

$ ls

my-working-copy/

$ svn copy my-working-copy http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/tags/mytag

Committed revision 352.

后一种方式直接把本地的工作拷贝复制为标签。

此外,你还可以删除某个分支。

$ svn delete http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch \

-m "Removing obsolete branch of calc project."

管理人员常用命令

(7) 版本库管理

$ svnadmin help

...

$ svnadmin help create

...

$ svnadmin create --fs-type bdb /usr/local/repository/svn/test

$ chown -R svn.svn /usr/local/repository/svn/test

建立版本库,库类型为bdb(使用Berkeley DB做仓库),库名称为test。

svn版本库有两种存储方式:基于Berkeley DB(bdb)或者基于文件系统(fsfs),通过 --fs-type可指定存储方式。

(8) 查询版本库信息

$ svnlook help

...

$ svnlook help tree

...

$ svnlook tree /usr/local/repository/svn/test --show-ids


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