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NginxÄÜ×öʲô
1.·´Ïò´úÀí
2.¸ºÔؾùºâ
3.HTTP·þÎñÆ÷£¨°üº¬¶¯¾²·ÖÀ룩
4.ÕýÏò´úÀí
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·´Ïò´úÀíÓ¦¸ÃÊÇNginx×öµÄ×î¶àµÄÒ»¼þÊÂÁË£¬Ê²Ã´ÊÇ·´Ïò´úÀíÄØ£¬ÒÔÏÂÊǰٶȰٿƵÄ˵·¨£º·´Ïò´úÀí£¨ReverseProxy£©·½Ê½ÊÇÖ¸ÒÔ´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷À´½ÓÊÜinternetÉϵÄÁ¬½ÓÇëÇó£¬È»ºó½«ÇëÇóת·¢¸øÄÚ²¿ÍøÂçÉϵķþÎñÆ÷£¬²¢½«´Ó·þÎñÆ÷Éϵõ½µÄ½á¹û·µ»Ø¸øinternetÉÏÇëÇóÁ¬½ÓµÄ¿Í»§¶Ë£¬´Ëʱ´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷¶ÔÍâ¾Í±íÏÖΪһ¸ö·´Ïò´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷¡£¼òµ¥À´Ëµ¾ÍÊÇÕæÊµµÄ·þÎñÆ÷²»ÄÜÖ±½Ó±»Íâ²¿ÍøÂç·ÃÎÊ£¬ËùÒÔÐèҪһ̨´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷£¬¶ø´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷Äܱ»Íâ²¿ÍøÂç·ÃÎʵÄͬʱÓÖ¸úÕæÊµ·þÎñÆ÷ÔÚͬһ¸öÍøÂç»·¾³£¬µ±È»Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇͬһ̨·þÎñÆ÷£¬¶Ë¿Ú²»Í¬¶øÒÑ¡£ÏÂÃæÌùÉÏÒ»¶Î¼òµ¥µÄʵÏÖ·´Ïò´úÀíµÄ´úÂë
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
location / {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
}
} |
±£´æÅäÖÃÎļþºóÆô¶¯Nginx£¬ÕâÑùµ±ÎÒÃÇ·ÃÎÊlocalhostµÄʱºò£¬¾ÍÏ൱ÓÚ·ÃÎÊlocalhost:8080ÁË
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¸ºÔؾùºâÒ²ÊÇNginx³£ÓõÄÒ»¸ö¹¦ÄÜ£¬¸ºÔؾùºâÆäÒâ˼¾ÍÊÇ·Ö̯µ½¶à¸ö²Ù×÷µ¥ÔªÉϽøÐÐÖ´ÐУ¬ÀýÈçWeb·þÎñÆ÷¡¢FTP·þÎñÆ÷¡¢ÆóÒµ¹Ø¼üÓ¦Ó÷þÎñÆ÷ºÍÆäËü¹Ø¼üÈÎÎñ·þÎñÆ÷µÈ£¬´Ó¶ø¹²Í¬Íê³É¹¤×÷ÈÎÎñ¡£¼òµ¥¶øÑÔ¾ÍÊǵ±ÓÐ2̨»òÒÔÉÏ·þÎñÆ÷ʱ£¬¸ù¾Ý¹æÔòËæ»úµÄ½«ÇëÇó·Ö·¢µ½Ö¸¶¨µÄ·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏ´¦Àí£¬¸ºÔؾùºâÅäÖÃÒ»°ã¶¼ÐèҪͬʱÅäÖ÷´Ïò´úÀí£¬Í¨¹ý·´Ïò´úÀíÌø×ªµ½¸ºÔؾùºâ¡£¶øNginxĿǰ֧³Ö×Ô´ø3ÖÖ¸ºÔؾùºâ²ßÂÔ£¬»¹ÓÐ2ÖÖ³£ÓõĵÚÈý·½²ßÂÔ¡£
1¡¢RR£¨Ä¬ÈÏ£©
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upstream test
{
server localhost:8080;
server localhost:8081;
}
server {
listen 81;
server_name localhost;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
location / {
proxy_pass http://test;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
}
}
|
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upstream test
{
server localhost:8080;
server localhost:8081;
}
|
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2¡¢È¨ÖØ
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upstream test
{
server localhost:8080 weight=9;
server localhost:8081 weight=1;
} |
ÄÇô10´ÎÒ»°ãÖ»»áÓÐ1´Î»á·ÃÎʵ½8081£¬¶øÓÐ9´Î»á·ÃÎʵ½8080
3¡¢ip_hash
ÉÏÃæµÄ2ÖÖ·½Ê½¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸öÎÊÌ⣬ÄǾÍÊÇÏÂÒ»¸öÇëÇóÀ´µÄʱºòÇëÇó¿ÉÄÜ·Ö·¢µ½ÁíÍâÒ»¸ö·þÎñÆ÷£¬µ±ÎÒÃǵijÌÐò²»ÊÇÎÞ״̬µÄʱºò£¨²ÉÓÃÁËsession±£´æÊý¾Ý£©£¬Õâʱºò¾ÍÓÐÒ»¸öºÜ´óµÄºÜÎÊÌâÁË£¬±ÈÈç°ÑµÇ¼ÐÅÏ¢±£´æµ½ÁËsessionÖУ¬ÄÇÃ´Ìø×ªµ½ÁíÍâһ̨·þÎñÆ÷µÄʱºò¾ÍÐèÒªÖØÐµÇ¼ÁË£¬ËùÒԺܶàʱºòÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÒ»¸ö¿Í»§Ö»·ÃÎÊÒ»¸ö·þÎñÆ÷£¬ÄÇô¾ÍÐèÒªÓÃiphashÁË£¬iphashµÄÿ¸öÇëÇó°´·ÃÎÊipµÄhash½á¹û·ÖÅ䣬ÕâÑùÿ¸ö·Ã¿Í¹Ì¶¨·ÃÎÊÒ»¸öºó¶Ë·þÎñÆ÷£¬¿ÉÒÔ½â¾ösessionµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
upstream test
{
ip_hash;
server localhost:8080;
server localhost:8081;
} |
4¡¢fair£¨µÚÈý·½£©
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upstream backend
{
fair;
server localhost:8080;
server localhost:8081;
} |
5¡¢url_hash£¨µÚÈý·½£©
°´·ÃÎÊurlµÄhash½á¹ûÀ´·ÖÅäÇëÇó£¬Ê¹Ã¿¸öurl¶¨Ïòµ½Í¬Ò»¸öºó¶Ë·þÎñÆ÷£¬ºó¶Ë·þÎñÆ÷Ϊ»º´æÊ±±È½ÏÓÐЧ¡£ÔÚupstreamÖмÓÈëhashÓï¾ä£¬serverÓï¾äÖв»ÄÜдÈëweightµÈÆäËûµÄ²ÎÊý£¬hash_methodÊÇʹÓõÄhashËã·¨
upstream backend
{
hash $request_uri;
hash_method crc32;
server localhost:8080;
server localhost:8081;
}
|
ÒÔÉÏ5ÖÖ¸ºÔؾùºâ¸÷×ÔÊÊÓò»Í¬Çé¿öÏÂʹÓã¬ËùÒÔ¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ýʵ¼ÊÇé¿öÑ¡ÔñʹÓÃÄÄÖÖ²ßÂÔģʽ,²»¹ýfairºÍurl_hashÐèÒª°²×°µÚÈý·½Ä£¿é²ÅÄÜʹÓã¬ÓÉÓÚ±¾ÎÄÖ÷Òª½éÉÜNginxÄÜ×öµÄÊÂÇ飬ËùÒÔNginx°²×°µÚÈý·½Ä£¿é²»»áÔÙ±¾ÎĽéÉÜ
HTTP·þÎñÆ÷
Nginx±¾ÉíÒ²ÊÇÒ»¸ö¾²Ì¬×ÊÔ´µÄ·þÎñÆ÷£¬µ±Ö»Óо²Ì¬×ÊÔ´µÄʱºò£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃNginxÀ´×ö·þÎñÆ÷£¬Í¬Ê±ÏÖÔÚÒ²ºÜÁ÷Ðж¯¾²·ÖÀ룬¾Í¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýNginxÀ´ÊµÏÖ£¬Ê×ÏÈ¿´¿´Nginx×ö¾²Ì¬×ÊÔ´·þÎñÆ÷
erver {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
location / {
root e:wwwroot;
index index.html;
}
}
|
ÕâÑùÈç¹û·ÃÎÊhttp://localhost¾Í»áĬÈÏ·ÃÎʵ½EÅÌwwwrootĿ¼ÏÂÃæµÄindex.html£¬Èç¹ûÒ»¸öÍøÕ¾Ö»ÊǾ²Ì¬Ò³ÃæµÄ»°£¬ÄÇô¾Í¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÕâÖÖ·½Ê½À´ÊµÏÖ²¿Êð¡£
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upstream test{
server localhost:8080;
server localhost:8081;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root e:wwwroot;
index index.html;
}
# ËùÓо²Ì¬ÇëÇó¶¼ÓÉnginx´¦Àí£¬´æ·ÅĿ¼Ϊhtml
location ~ .(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css|js)$
{
root e:wwwroot;
}
# ËùÓж¯Ì¬ÇëÇó¶¼×ª·¢¸øtomcat´¦Àí
location ~ .(jsp|do)$ {
proxy_pass http://test;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root e:wwwroot;
}
}
|
ÕâÑùÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔ°ÉHTMLÒÔ¼°Í¼Æ¬ºÍcssÒÔ¼°js·Åµ½wwwrootĿ¼Ï£¬¶øtomcatÖ»¸ºÔð´¦ÀíjspºÍÇëÇó£¬ÀýÈçµ±ÎÒÃǺó׺ΪgifµÄʱºò£¬NginxĬÈÏ»á´Ówwwroot»ñÈ¡µ½µ±Ç°ÇëÇóµÄ¶¯Ì¬Í¼Îļþ·µ»Ø£¬µ±È»ÕâÀïµÄ¾²Ì¬Îļþ¸úNginxÊÇͬһ̨·þÎñÆ÷£¬ÎÒÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔÚÁíÍâһ̨·þÎñÆ÷£¬È»ºóͨ¹ý·´Ïò´úÀíºÍ¸ºÔؾùºâÅäÖùýÈ¥¾ÍºÃÁË£¬Ö»Òª¸ãÇå³þÁË×î»ù±¾µÄÁ÷³Ì£¬ºÜ¶àÅäÖþͺܼòµ¥ÁË£¬ÁíÍâlocaltionºóÃæÆäʵÊÇÒ»¸öÕýÔò±í´ïʽ£¬ËùÒԷdz£Áé»î
ÕýÏò´úÀí
ÕýÏò´úÀí£¬Òâ˼ÊÇÒ»¸öλÓÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÍÔʼ·þÎñÆ÷(originserver)Ö®¼äµÄ·þÎñÆ÷£¬ÎªÁË´ÓÔʼ·þÎñÆ÷È¡µÃÄÚÈÝ£¬¿Í»§¶ËÏò´úÀí·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÇëÇó²¢Ö¸¶¨Ä¿±ê(Ôʼ·þÎñÆ÷)£¬È»ºó´úÀíÏòÔʼ·þÎñÆ÷ת½»ÇëÇó²¢½«»ñµÃµÄÄÚÈÝ·µ»Ø¸ø¿Í»§¶Ë¡£¿Í»§¶Ë²ÅÄÜʹÓÃÕýÏò´úÀí¡£µ±ÄãÐèÒª°ÑÄãµÄ·þÎñÆ÷×÷Ϊ´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷µÄʱºò£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃNginxÀ´ÊµÏÖÕýÏò´úÀí£¬µ«ÊÇĿǰNginxÓÐÒ»¸öÎÊÌ⣬ÄÇô¾ÍÊDz»Ö§³ÖHTTPS£¬ËäÈ»ÎҰٶȵ½¹ýÅäÖÃHTTPSµÄÕýÏò´úÀí£¬µ«Êǵ½×îºó·¢ÏÖ»¹ÊÇ´úÀí²»ÁË£¬µ±È»¿ÉÄÜÊÇÎÒÅäÖõIJ»¶Ô£¬ËùÒÔҲϣÍûÓÐÖªµÀÕýÈ··½·¨µÄͬ־ÃÇÁôÑÔ˵Ã÷һϡ£
resolver 114.114.114.114
8.8.8.8;
server {
resolver_timeout 5s;
listen 81;
access_log e:wwwrootproxy.access.log;
error_log e:wwwrootproxy.error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://$host$request_uri;
}
} |
resolverÊÇÅäÖÃÕýÏò´úÀíµÄDNS·þÎñÆ÷£¬listen ÊÇÕýÏò´úÀíµÄ¶Ë¿Ú£¬ÅäÖúÃÁ˾ͿÉÒÔÔÚieÉÏÃæ»òÕ߯äËû´úÀí²å¼þÉÏÃæÊ¹Ó÷þÎñÆ÷ip+¶Ë¿ÚºÅ½øÐдúÀíÁË¡£
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