REST
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REST ·þÎñ£¨RESTful Service£©ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ»ùÓÚ HTTP ºÍ REST ×¼ÔòµÄÇáÁ¿¼¶ Web
·þÎñ¡£ÕâÀà·þÎñ¿ÉÒÔ¿´×÷һϵÁÐ×ÊÔ´£¨resource£©µÄ¼¯ºÏ£¬·þÎñµÄ¶¨Òå¿ÉÒÔÊÓΪÒÔÏÂÈý¸öÇÐÃæµÄ×éºÏ :
1.·ÃÎÊ Web Service µÄ URI£¬È磺http://example.com/resources¡£
2.Web Service ËùÖ§³ÖµÄÊý¾Ý MIME ÀàÐÍ£¬È磺JSON,
XML, YAML µÈ¡£
3.Web Service ʹÓà HTTP ÐÒéÖ§³ÖµÄ²Ù×÷£¬Èç GET,
POST, PUT, DELETE¡£
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HTTP ÐÒéʵÏÖ£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔÀûÓûº´æ Cache À´Ìá¸ßÏìÓ¦ËÙ¶È£¬ ÆäÐÔÄÜ£¬Ð§ÂʺÍÒ×ÓÃÐԵȷ½Ãæ¾ùÓÅÓÚ
SOAP ÐÒé¡£ ±¾ÎÄÖ÷Òª½éÉÜÈçºÎʹÓà soapUI À´²âÊÔ´ËÀà Web ·þÎñ¡£
soapUI ½éÉÜ
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µÈ¹¤¾ß³öÏÖ֮ǰ£¬²âÊÔÈËÔ±²»µÃ²»×Ô¼º±àд³ÌÐòÀ´²âÊÔËü£¬ Õâ¾ÍÒªÇó²âÊÔÈËÔ±»¨·ÑºÜ´óµÄ¾«Á¦Á˽âµ×²ãµÄ½Ó¿Ú£¬µ÷ÓùØÏµºÍÏêϸµÄÐÒ飬µ¼ÖÂËûÃDz»ÄܰÑ×¢ÒâÁ¦¼¯Öе½²âÊÔÖС£ soapUI µÄ³öÏÖ¼«´óµÄ¸Ä±äÁËÕâÒ»¾ÖÃæ¡£ ×÷Ϊһ¸ö¿ªÔ´µÄ¹¤¾ß£¬soapUI Ç¿´óµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡¢Ò×ÓõĽçÃæ£¬ÎüÒýÁ˺ܶàÓû§¡£Óû§¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
soapUI ÖÐͨ¹ý¼òµ¥µÄ²Ù×÷Íê³É¸´ÔӵIJâÊÔ£¬²»ÐèÒªÁ˽âµ×²ãµÄϸ½Ú£¬ ¼«´óµÄ¼õÇáÁ˹¤×÷Á¿¡£soapUI
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100 Íò´Î£¬³ÉΪÁËÊÂʵµÄ Web ·þÎñ²âÊÔ±ê×¼ºÍÁìÏ鵀 Web ·þÎñ²âÊÔ¹¤¾ß¡£ Ëü²»½ö½ö¿ÉÒÔ²âÊÔ»ùÓÚ
SOAP µÄ Web ·þÎñ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ²âÊÔ REST ·ç¸ñµÄ Web ·þÎñ£¬ºóÕßÒ²ÊDZ¾ÎĽéÉܵÄÖØµã¡£ soapUI »ùÓÚ Java ¿ª·¢£¬Ö§³Ö¶à¸öƽ̨£¬°²×°·Ç³£¼òµ¥¡£¶ÁÕß¿ÉÒÔµ½ soapUI µÄ ¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ÏÂÔØÒ»¸ö°²×°°ü
( ±¾ÎÄʹÓõÄÊÇ Window °æ±¾ 3.0.1)£¬Ö±½Ó°²×°¼´¿É¡£Ôڸð²×°°üÖУ¬°üÀ¨ÁËÒ»¸ö soapUI
ËùÐèÒªµÄ JRE1.6 °æ±¾¡£°²×°Íê±ÏÒԺ󣬶ÁÕßÐèÒªÉèÖà JAVA_HOME ±äÁ¿Ö¸Ïòµ½ÏàÓ¦µÄ JRE
Ŀ¼£¬Í¬Ê±ÐÞ¸Ä PATH ±äÁ¿£¬½« JRE1.6 µÄ bin Ŀ¼Ìí¼Ó½øÈ¥¡£
REST ·þÎñ°¸Àý
ΪÁ˱ÜÃâ¿Õ¶´µÄ½²½â£¬Í¬Ê±ÎªÁ˸üºÃµÄչʾ soapUI ¶Ô REST ·þÎñµÄ²âÊÔ¹¦ÄÜ£¬±¾ÎļÙÏëÁËÒ»¸öÔÚÏßÊéµê
(http://www.example.com) µÄÀý×Ó¡£¸ÃÔÚÏßÊéµê¶ÔÍâÌṩÁËһЩ REST ·þÎñÈõÚÈý·½µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµ÷Óá£
ΪÁËÈöÁÕß°Ñ×¢ÒâÁ¦¼¯ÖÐÔÚʹÓà soapUI ½øÐвâÊÔÉÏ£¬ÎÒÃǶÔÕâЩ REST ·þÎñ½øÐÐÁ˱ØÒªµÄ¼ò»¯£¬½ö½öÖ»°üº¬ÏÂÃæ
3 ÖÖ¹¦ÄÜ£ºÊé¼®ÁÐ±í£¬Êé¼®ÏêÇéºÍÌí¼ÓÆÀÂÛ¡£Õâ 3 ¸ö REST ·þÎñ¸²¸ÇÁ˲ã´Î×´µÄ REST ×ÊÔ´¡¢»ù±¾µÄ
HTTP ²Ù×÷ºÍ¶àÖÖÕ¹ÏÖÐÎʽ¡£

Çåµ¥ 1. Êé¼®Áбí application/json
{"books":
[
{"book": {
"id": "1234",
"name": "book1",
"price": 29
}},
{"book": {
"id": "5678",
"name": "book2",
"price": 18
}}
]} |
Çåµ¥ 2. Êé¼®Áбí text/xml
<bookes>
<book>
<id>1234</id>
<name>book1</name>
<price>29.0</price>
</book>
<book>
<id>5678</id>
<name>book2</name>
<price>18</price>
</book>
</bookes> |
Çåµ¥ 3. Êé¼®ÏêÇé application/json
{
"id": "1234",
"name": "book1",
"description": "this is book
1",
"author": "author1",
"price": 29,
"comments": [
{"comment": {
"user": "user1",
"content": "good book"
}},
{"comment": {
"user": "user2",
"content": "not bad"
}}
]
} |
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ͼ 1Ëùʾ£¬Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨Èçϲã´Î£º
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BookStoreServie
3.REST ×ÊÔ´¶¨Ò壺¾ßÌåÃèÊö¸Ã×ÊÔ´µÄÃû³Æ£¬URI, ²ÎÊýµÈÊôÐÔ
4.REST ·½·¨¶¨Ò壺Õë¶Ôÿ¸ö×ÊÔ´µÄ·½·¨ (GET,POST,PUT,DELETE
µÈ )£¬Í¼ 1 Öеķ½·¨Ãû¾ÍÊÇ GetBookList
REST ²Ù×÷ÇëÇó¶¨Ò壺»ùÓÚÿ¸ö·½·¨£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÐÒ»¸ö»ò¶à¸öÇëÇó²Ù×÷£¬Èç GetBookListRequest£¬ÕâЩÇëÇó²Ù×÷²ÅÊÇÕæÕý±»
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ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÔËÐÐÁ˸ÃÇëÇóÒԺ󣬾ÍÄÜÒÔ¸÷ÖÖ·½Ê½²é¿´ÔËÐнá¹û¡£µ«ÊÇÕâÀﻹ²»ÄܼÓÈë¶ÏÑÔÀ´ÑéÖ¤½á¹û - ±ØÐëÔÚ½¨Á¢²âÊÔÓÃÀýÒÔºó²ÅÄÜʹÓᣠע£º ¶ÁÕß¿ÉÒÔÔÚ ÏÂÔØÇøµÄ bookstore-soapui-project.zip ÕÒµ½ÍêÕûµÄÀý×Ó£¬ÏÂÎÄÖÐÖ÷ÒªÒÔ¸ÃÀý×ÓΪ»ù´¡½øÐн²½â¡£¶ÁÕß½âѹ
zip ÎļþÒÔºó£¬Äܵõ½Ò»¸ö xml Îļþ£¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý soapUI µÄ File->import
project °ÑÏîÄ¿µ¼Èëµ½×Ô¼ºµÄ¹¤×÷ÇøÖС£ ͼ 1. soapUI ÖеIJã´Î½á¹¹

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TestCase
2.TestCase£º¿ÉÒÔ°üº¬¶à¸ö TestStep
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TestStep ÉõÖÁÖ§³Ö·ÖÖ§Ìø×ª²Ù×÷£º¸ù¾ÝÌØ¶¨µÄÌõ¼þ£¬´ÓÒ»¸ö step ¿ÉÒÔÌø×ªµ½ÆäËû step,
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soapUI ÖеĶÔÏó£¬ÔÚÔËÐÐʱÐÞ¸Ä REST request/response, Õâ¾ÍÌṩÁ˼«´óµÄÁé»îÐÔ¡£ ͼ 2. TestCase ¶¨Òå

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3չʾµÄ¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸ö½¨Á¢Êé¼®Áбí REST ·þÎñµÄ²½Ö裺 1. н¨Ò»¸öÃûΪ BookStoreTest µÄÏîÄ¿ 2. ÔÚÏîÄ¿Éϵã»÷ÓÒ¼ü£¬Ñ¡Ôñ"New Rest Service"£¬ÔÚ¶Ô»°¿òÖÐÊäÈë
Service Name(BookStoreService) ºÍ Endpoint(http://localhost:9080) 3. ÔÚ"BookstoreService"Éϵã»÷ÓÒ¼ü£¬Ñ¡Ôñ¡°New Resource¡±,
ÔÚ¶Ô»°¿òÖÐÊäÈë Resource Name(BookList) ºÍ Resource Path (/books)£¬µã»÷
OK 4. ÔÚµ¯³öµÄ¶Ô»°¿òÖÐÊäÈë Method Name: GetBookList,HTTP Method
Ñ¡ÔñĬÈ쵀 GET, µã»÷ OK ͼ 3. ´´½¨Ò»¸ö REST ·þÎñ

ÓÐÁË REST ·þÎñ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔ½¨Á¢ TestCase£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÐÁ½ÖÖ·½Ê½£º ×Ô¶¯Éú³É£¬²½ÖèÈçÏ£º (1). ÓÒ¼üµã»÷Ò»¸ö REST ·þÎñ£¬ÀýÈç±¾ÀýÖеÄ"BookStoreService",
Ñ¡Ôñ"Generate TestSuite" (2). ÔÚµ¯³öµÄ¶Ô»°¿òÖУ¬±£³ÖĬÈÏÉèÖ㬠ѡÔñ"OK" (3). ÊäÈëÃû³Æ , ÀýÈç"BookStoreService TestSuite",
Ñ¡Ôñ"OK"¼´¿É¡£ ÊÖ¹¤´´½¨£¬²½ÖèÈçÏ£º (1). ÔÚÏîÄ¿"BooksStoreTest"Éϵã»÷ÓÒ¼ü£¬Ñ¡Ôñ¡°New TestSuite¡±,
ÔÚ¶Ô»°¿òÖÐÊäÈë"BookStoreService TestSuite" (2). ÔÚ BookStoreService TestSuite Éϵã»÷ÓÒ¼ü£¬ Ñ¡Ôñ"New
TestCase", ÔÚ¶Ô»°¿òÖÐÊäÈë"BookList TestCase" (3). È»ºóÔÚ×ó±ßµÄµ¼º½À¸ÖÐÕ¹¿ª BookList TestCase, ÔÚ¡°Test Steps¡±ÉϵãÓÒ¼ü£¬Ñ¡Ôñ
Add Step->Rest Test Request (4). ÔÚµ¯³öµÄ¶Ô»°¿òÖÐÑ¡Ôñ GetBookListRequest_XML Ò»¸öÍê³ÉµÄ TestCase Èç ͼ 4Ëùʾ£¬Óû§¿ÉÒÔÔÚÆäÖмÓÈë Assertion ¶ÔÔËÐнá¹û½øÐÐÑéÖ¤£¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇ×Ô¶¯»¯²âÊÔËù±ØÐëµÄ¡£ ͼ 4. REST TestCase

ʹÓñäÁ¿
soapUI Ö§³ÖʹÓÃ×Ô¶¨Òå±äÁ¿£¨Property£©ÔÚ Project Öд洢ºÍ¹²ÏíÊý¾Ý¡£Property
ÊÇÒ»¸öÃüÃûµÄ×Ö·û´®¿ÉÒÔ±» Groovy Script£¬Property Transfer »òÕß Property-Expansion
ÒýÓ㬠ĿǰËùÓеıäÁ¿¾ù±»´¦ÀíΪ×Ö·û´®¡£soapUI ÔÊÐíÔÚÏîÄ¿µÄ¸÷¸ö²ã´ÎÖж¨Òå±äÁ¿£¬³£ÓõIJã´Î°üÀ¨£ºProject£¬TestSuite£¬TestCase£¬Global
µÈ¡£ 1. ʹÓà Property ±à¼Æ÷¶¨Òå±äÁ¿¡£ Óû§¿ÉÒÔʹÓà soapUI ×Ô´øµÄ Property Editor ¶¨Òå¸÷¸ö²ã´ÎµÄ±äÁ¿¡£ÒÔ Project
±äÁ¿ÎªÀý£¬µã»÷ BookStoreTest£¬ÔÚ Properties Ãæ°åÖÐÌí¼Ó×Ô¶¨Òå±äÁ¿£¬ÈçÏÂͼËùʾ£º ͼ 5. ʹÓà Property ±à¼Æ÷¶¨ÒåÏîÄ¿±äÁ¿

2. ʹÓÃÃüÁîÐÐÖ¸¶¨±äÁ¿¡£ ÐÞ¸Ä soapUI.bat ÎļþÖÐµÄ Java ²ÎÊýÈçÏ£º Çåµ¥ x. ʹÓÃÃüÁîÐÐÖ¸¶¨±äÁ¿
set
JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Xms128m -Xmx256m -Dsoapui.properties=properties.txt
|
ÆäÖУ¬properties.txt Ϊָ¶¨µÄÈ«¾Ö±äÁ¿ÎļþÃû×Ö£¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÌí¼ÓÈçÏ´úÂ뵽ȫ¾Ö±äÁ¿ÎļþÀ´ÉèÖÃ
project/testsuite/testcase µÈ²ã´ÎµÄ±äÁ¿£º Çåµ¥ x. ʹÓÃÃüÁîÐÐÖ¸¶¨±äÁ¿
soapui.properties.<shortened-name-of
-object>=pathtopropertiesfile |
<shortened-name-of-object> ΪÏàÓ¦¶ÔÏóµÄÃû×Ö¡£ 3. ʹÓñäÁ¿ soapUI ʹÓÃÈçÏÂÓï·¨ÒýÓÃÏîÄ¿Öж¨ÒåµÄ±äÁ¿£º Çåµ¥ x. ʹÓÃÃüÁîÐÐÖ¸¶¨±äÁ¿
${[scope]propertyName[#xpath-expression]} |
ÆäÖУ¬scope ¿ÉÒÔΪ # Project # £¬# TestSuite
# £¬ # TestCase # £¬# Global #£¬# System # £¬# MockService
# £¬ # Env # £¬[ TestStep name ] #¡£
ÑéÖ¤½á¹û ²âÊÔÓÃÀý½¨ºÃÖ®ºó£¬ÐèÒªÏò²âÊÔÓÃÀýÖÐÌí¼Ó Assertions ÒÔ±ãÑéÖ¤½á¹ûµÄÕýÈ·ÐÔ¡£soapUI Ö§³Ö
Response SLA, Script Assertion, Contains, XQuery Match,
Schema Compliance, XPath Match ÒÔ¼° Not Contains µÈ¶àÖÖ¶ÏÑÔÀ´¶Ô
response ½øÐÐÅжÏÀ´±£Ö¤¶Ô Web ·þÎñ¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ²âÊÔ¡£±¾ÎÄÒÔ XPath Match ºÍ Script
Assertion ΪÀýÀ´¶ÔÔÚÏßÊéµê·þÎñ·µ»ØµÄ XML ºÍ JSON ¸ñʽµÄ response ½øÐÐÅжϡ£ 1. ʹÓà XPath Match ²âÊÔÇëÇó GetBookListRequest_XML ·µ»ØµÄ½á¹ûÖУ¬id
Ϊ 1234 µÄ book µÄ price Ϊ 29.0£¬ response ²Î¼û ´úÂëÇåµ¥ 2¡£ µã»÷ TestCase µÄÌí¼Ó Assertions °´Å¥£¬Èç ͼ 4Ëùʾ¡£ ÔÚµ¯³öµÄ Select
Assertion ´°¿ÚÖÐÑ¡Ôñ XPath Match ¶ÏÑÔ£¬µã»÷ OK¡£ÅäÖà XPath ÈçÏÂͼËùʾ£º ͼ 6. ʹÓà XPATH ²âÊÔ XML ¸ñʽµÄÊé¼®Áбí

ÔÚ XPath Expression Ãæ°åÖÐÊéдÓÃÓÚÆ¥Åä Response µÄ XPath ±í´ïʽ£¬Expected
Result Ãæ°åÖÐÌîдÆÚÍûµÄÖµ¡£soapUI ½«Ê¹Óà XPath Expression Ãæ°åÖÐÌîдµÄ
XPath ±í´ïʽÓë Service µ÷Óýá¹ûÆ¥Å䣬 ½«Æ¥Åä½á¹ûÓëÆÚÍûÖµ±È½Ï£¬Èç¹ûÏàͬÔò²âÊÔͨ¹ý£¬·ñÔòʧ°Ü¡£ 2. ʹÓà Script Assertion ²âÊÔÇëÇó GetBookListRequest_JSON
·µ»ØµÄ½á¹û£¬response ²Î¼û ´úÂëÇåµ¥ 1¡£ Assertion Ìí¼Ó¹ý³ÌÓë XPath Match ÀàËÆ£¬ÔÚ Select Assertion
´°¿ÚÖÐÑ¡Ôñ Script Assertion£¬²¢ÔÚÖ®ºóµ¯³öµÄ Script Assertion ´°¿ÚÖÐÊéдÈçÏ´úÂ룺 Çåµ¥ 5. ʹÓà Script Assertion ²âÊÔ JSON ¸ñʽµÄÊé¼®Áбí
//assert
the response header
assert messageExchange.responseHeaders
["Content-Type"]=="application/json;
charset=UTF-8";
assert messageExchange.responseHeaders
["Cache-Control"]
== "no-cache";
//assert the repsonse body
def booksRoot = net.sf.json.JSONSerializer.
toJSON(message
Exchange.responseContent);
def books = booksRoot.get("books");
//assert book detail
assert books[0].get("book").get("id")
== "1234";
assert books[0].get("book").get("name")
== "book1";
assert books[0].get("book").get("price")
== 29; |
3. ʹÓà Property ²âÊÔÇëÇó GetBookRequest_JSON ·µ»ØµÄ½á¹û£¬ response
²Î¼û ´úÂëÇåµ¥ 3¡£ ÔÚ Script Assertion ´°¿ÚÖÐдÈëÈçÏ´úÂ룺 Çåµ¥ 6. ʹÓà Property ²âÊÔ JSON ¸ñʽµÄÊé¼®ÏêÇé
//get
property
def expectedID = context.expand
('${#Project#book.id}');
def expectedName = context.expand
('${#Project#book.name}');
//assert the response header
assert messageExchange.responseHeaders
["Cache-Control"]
== "no-cache";
//assert the response body
def bookRoot = net.sf.json.JSONSerializer.toJSON
(messageExchange.responseContent);
assert bookRoot.get("id") == expectedID;
assert bookRoot.get("name") == expectedName;
assert bookRoot.get("price") == 29.0; |
ÉÏÊöʹÓà Groovy Script ¶Ô Service µ÷Óýá¹û½øÐÐÑéÖ¤£¬¿ÉÓõÄ
soapUI ¶ÔÏó°üÀ¨ : messageExchange £¬ context ÒÔ¼° log¡£
1.messageExchange£º µ±Ç°½»»¥ request/response
µÄ MessageExchange£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Ö±½Ó·ÃÎÊ message content£¬ HTTP Headers£¬Attachment
µÈ¶ÔÏó¡£
2.context£º ÔËÐе±Ç° TestCase µÄ TestRunContext
¶ÔÏ󣬾ßÌåʹÓ÷½Ê½Çë²Î¼û soapUI API Îĵµ¡£
3.log£º Ò»¸ö±ê×¼µÄ Log4j Logger ¶ÔÏ󣬿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Êä³öÈÕÖ¾¡£
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