UML软件工程组织

Eclipse快速上手指南之使用ANT
http://Tech.acnow.net
  Ant是Java平台下非常棒的批处理命令执行程序,能非常方便地自动完成编译,测试,打包,部署等等一系列任务,大大提高开发效率。如果你现在还没有开始使用Ant,那就要赶快开始学习使用,使自己的开发水平上一个新台阶。
  
  Eclipse中已经集成了Ant,我们可以直接在Eclipse中运行Ant。   

  以前面建立的Hello工程为例,创建以下目录结构:

  新建一个build.xml,放在工程根目录下。build.xml定义了Ant要执行的批处理命令。虽然Ant也可以使用其它文件名,但是遵循标准能更使开发更规范,同时易于与别人交流。   

  通常,src存放Java源文件,classes存放编译后的class文件,lib存放编译和运行用到的所有jar文件,web存放JSP等web文件,dist存放打包后的jar文件,doc存放API文档。   

  然后在根目录下创建build.xml文件,输入以下内容:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project name="Hello world" default="doc">
<!-- properies -->
<property name="src.dir" value="src" />
<property name="report.dir" value="report" />
<property name="classes.dir" value="classes" />
<property name="lib.dir" value="lib" />
<property name="dist.dir" value="dist" />
<property name="doc.dir" value="doc"/>

<!-- 定义classpath -->
<path id="master-classpath">
<fileset file="${lib.dir}/*.jar" />
<pathelement path="${classes.dir}"/>
</path>

<!-- 初始化任务 -->
<target name="init">
</target>

<!-- 编译 -->
<target name="compile" depends="init" description="compile the source files">
<mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/>
<javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" target="1.4">
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>

<!-- 测试 -->
<target name="test" depends="compile" description="run junit test">
<mkdir dir="${report.dir}"/>
<junit printsummary="on"
haltonfailure="false"
failureproperty="tests.failed"
showoutput="true">
<classpath refid="master-classpath" />
<formatter type="plain"/>
<batchtest todir="${report.dir}">
<fileset dir="${classes.dir}">
<include name="**/*Test.*"/>
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
<fail if="tests.failed">
***********************************************************
**** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... ****
***********************************************************
</fail>
</target>

<!-- 打包成jar -->
<target name="pack" depends="test" description="make .jar file">
<mkdir dir="${dist.dir}" />
<jar destfile="${dist.dir}/hello.jar" basedir="${classes.dir}">
<exclude name="**/*Test.*" />
<exclude name="**/Test*.*" />
</jar>
</target>

<!-- 输出api文档 -->
<target name="doc" depends="pack" description="create api doc">
<mkdir dir="${doc.dir}" />
<javadoc destdir="${doc.dir}"
author="true"
version="true"
use="true"
windowtitle="Test API">
<packageset dir="${src.dir}" defaultexcludes="yes">
<include name="example/**" />
</packageset>
<doctitle><![CDATA[<h1>Hello, test</h1>]]></doctitle>
<bottom><![CDATA[<i>All Rights Reserved.</i>]]></bottom>
<tag name="todo" scope="all" description="To do:" />
</javadoc>
</target>
</project>   

  以上xml依次定义了init(初始化),compile(编译),test(测试),doc(生成文档),pack(打包)任务,可以作为模板。   

  选中Hello工程,然后选择“Project”,“Properties”,“Builders”,“New…”,选择“Ant Build”:

  填入Name:Ant_Builder;Buildfile:build.xml;Base Directory:${workspace_loc:/Hello}(按“Browse Workspace”选择工程根目录),由于用到了junit.jar包,搜索Eclipse目录,找到junit.jar,把它复制到Hello/lib目录下,并添加到Ant的Classpath中:

 

  然后在Builder面板中钩上Ant_Build,去掉Java Builder:

  
  再次编译,即可在控制台看到Ant的输出:

Buildfile: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\build.xml

init:

compile:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classes
[javac] Compiling 2 source files to F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classes

test:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\report
[junit] Running example.HelloTest
[junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.02 sec

pack:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist
[jar] Building jar: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist\hello.jar

doc:
[mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc
[javadoc] Generating Javadoc
[javadoc] Javadoc execution
[javadoc] Loading source files for package example...
[javadoc] Constructing Javadoc information...
[javadoc] Standard Doclet version 1.4.2_04
[javadoc] Building tree for all the packages and classes...
[javadoc] Building index for all the packages and classes...
[javadoc] Building index for all classes...
[javadoc] Generating F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc\stylesheet.css...
[javadoc] Note: Custom tags that could override future standard tags: @todo. To avoid potential overrides, use at least one period character (.) in custom tag names.
[javadoc] Note: Custom tags that were not seen: @todo
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 11 seconds

 Ant依次执行初始化,编译,测试,打包,生成API文档一系列任务,极大地提高了开发效率。将来开发J2EE项目时,还可加入部署等任务。并且,即使脱离了Eclipse环境,只要正确安装了Ant,配置好环境变量ANT_HOME=<Ant解压目录>,Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin,在命令行提示符下切换到Hello目录,简单地键入ant即可。

 

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